Civil Engineering Technology
Table of Contents
LO1. Understand the methods and techniques used in earthworks activities
The site plan and structural geometry with a suitable scale
The volumes of earthworks for different earthworks
Types of earthmoving equipment
The number of earth moving equipment and time
LO2. Understand methods and techniques used to create substructures
LO3. Understand the methods and techniques used to create superstructures
LO4. Understand the hazards associated with civil engineering activities.
LO5. Be able to solve problems associated with civil engineering activities.
References
LO1. Understand the methods and techniques used in earthworks activities
The site plan and structural geometry with a suitable scale
Pic.1 Site Plan (not scaled)
Pic.1 Site Plan (scaled)
Pic.3 Dimension of the hotel (not scaled)
Pic. 4 Dimensions of the hotel (scaled)
The volumes of earthworks for different earthworks
Under the hotel should be excavated 5m of the ground. And the area that occupies the hotel consists from the sum of 4 shapes.
To calculate the volume of earthwork for the hotel we need to multiply the area by 5m.
Pic.5 Shapes and their dimension inside the hotel
To calculate the earthwork for the green area and parking we have to know dimensions of the whole area and the ground level.
We had to calculate average height in the triangle sections. And also the length of sections was calculated.
Pic.6 The original Cross section of the land; all levels are in meter
The calculation of earthworks for the green area will be approximate. The total volume will be the sum of three sections that are illustrated on the pic.6.
And the total earthwork will be the sum
Types of earthmoving equipment
For this type of work can be used a bulldozer, an excavator, a backhoe loader, a skid steer loader and a trencher.
A bulldozer is a heavy machine with caterpillars and plate for moving huge amount of soil or other such materials.
An excavator is a basic type of machines for excavation. It has a bucket and rotating cab. It can be based on tracks or wheels.
The table below shows which equipment is using with different types of work.
Kinds of work
Equipment
Clearing
Bulldozer, Backhoe
Excavating / Loading
Power shovel (Backhoe, Dragline) Excavator
Excavating / Hauling
Bulldozer, Scrapdozer, Scraper
Loading
Track loader,
Hauling
Dump truck, wagon, conveyer
Spreading / Grading
Bulldozer, wheel dozer, motor grader
Table 1. Kinds of work and equipment
The number of earth moving equipment and time
To reduce the price, a backhoe loaders and a truck can be taken. Considering that productivity of one loader is about , then
Considering that productivity of one loader is about , then
LO2. Understand methods and techniques used to create substructures
A Substructure is an underlying or supporting structure to the superstructure. It is located under the ground level. Substructures include foundation and drainage systems.
The foundation is a support structure, part of a building, a structure that takes all the loads from the overlying …
