Medical Terminology Assignment
Two common conditions seen in the orthopedics department include osteoporosis and hip fracture. Bope & Kelllerman (2015) define osteoporosis as a skeletal disease characterised by low bone mass and structural deterioration of the bone tissue. It leads to decreased bone strength and increases the risk for fractures. The clinical manifestations of the disorder include back pain, loss of overall height, thoracic kyphosis, and vertebral fractures in the advanced stage. Ferri (2015) categorizes hip fractures as intracapsular or extracapsular depending upon the bone feature involved in the fracture. Femoral head and femoral neck fractures entail intracapsular fractures, while the extracapsular fractures include interrochanteric, subtrochanteric, and greater and lesser trochanteric fractures.
Diagnostic procedures which are frequently used in the orthopedics department constitute imaging studies such as roentgenograms, bone scanning, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computerized tomography (CT) scan. Osteoporosis is detected by measuring the bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in the regions of spine, hip or forearm (Bope & Kellerman, 2015). Laboratory tests which could be ordered for the workup of the orthopedic disorders may include rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, complete blood count, arthrocentesis of affected joints, and antibody nuclear tests. The treatment or management interventions applied in the musculoskeletal field comprise of internal (surgical) or external fixation of fractures. Nonpharmacological therapies like physiotherapy, exercise, patient education, and modification or addition of diet and dietary supplements are extensively used as adjunct to the pharmacological therapies. The latter encompass drugs to control or relieve the signs and symptoms associated with the diseased conditions.
The patients reporting to or being referred to the department of pulmonology often complain of problems which are diagnosed as sinusitis and allergic rhinitis. Ferri (2015) defines sinusitis as an inflammation of the mucous membranes which line one or more paranasal sinuses located around the nasal cavity in the skull. Allergic rhinitis refers to an immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated hypersensitivity response to nasally inhaled allergens, and leads to clinical manifestations including sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal pruritus, and nasal congestion (Ferri).
The diagnostic tests usually performed to confirm the diagnosis in the respiratory speciality include physical examination, collection of nasal smears for identification of eosinophils, nasal endoscopy, and radiological imaging (Bope & Kellerman, 2015). Radiological imaging such as CT scan and MRI are helpful in correlating the clinical findings. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CPTA) is a procedure that combines CT scanning along with angiography to obtain images of the pulmonary arteries (Gylys & Wedding, 2012). Prescription drugs are the most commonly used mode of treating the disorders of the respiratory system. The patient is educated about avoiding allergens or substances that may trigger or intensify the persisting symptoms. Use of air purifiers and dust filters, and maintenance of allergen-free and moist environment is beneficial for such patients.
Gastritis and gastrointestinal reflux disorder are some of the frequent diagnosis treated by the healthcare providers in the department of gastroenterology. Gastritis refers to the inflammation of the stomach. …