Public Administration Questions
1.
The reformation of the governmental machinery can be traced from 1066 England. Since that time regular changes were performed to improve the general and particular performance of the major branches of power. In the 1930s, federal bureaucracy was reformed through several crucial committees, including the Brownlow Committee, the Hoover Commissions, and the Private Sector Survey (after the Grace Commission). The findings suggest the particularly useful initiatives started by the committees to improve Presidential activity, eradicate corruption, monitor costs, prevent power abuse, etc.
The Brownlow Committee originated during the New Deal period and aimed at reforming and criticizing the organizational designs that proved costliest or ineffective (Shafritz, Russell & Borick, 101). The organization provided the formal assessment of the governmental agencies from the purely managerial perspective. Its significance lay in the reorganization of the executive office and establishment of the Office of Management and Budget. The Hoover Commission initiated the reduction of the numerous agencies created for the military purposes, i.e. the World War II (Shafritz, Russell & Borick, 104). The establishment reformed EOP through
the unlimited discretion strategy, Bureau of the Budget strengthening, EOP office and personnel relocation and the staff secretary implementation. The Private Sector Survey concentrated on the private sector concerning
business figures, corporations monitoring, management newest principles acquiring, etc. (Shafritz, Russell & Borick, 105). The failure of Grace Commission took place owing to the managerial ignorance that emphasized the capability of these renovations.
Accordingly, the commissions’ initiatives aimed at renovation, improvement, and relocation of costs along with their monitoring. The success of them was predisposed with the profound managerial knowledge and
practical skills. The economic approach minored the red tape and overcrowding in the face of the different issues emerging later.
2.
Privatization from the 1980s became particularly widespread in the US government. Its forms included complete type, privatization of operations, contracting out, franchising, and the open competition. The readings
implied two types of primary privatization of government assets and private financing of public facilities as the methods of decreasing government administrations and budget expenditures.
The strategies of privatization are as follows. The first one, load shedding, implies governmental withdrawing from supply allowing the free market to do it instead. The second one, the alternative delivery system,
provide “self-service arrangements, competitive markets, franchises, vouchers, grants, and contracts” instead of taking them functions (Shafritz, Russell & Borick, 114). The third one, the user charges imposing, serves as revealing the true service’s cost and alternative delivery seeking. The fourth one – the government monopoly minimizing, enables fostering the public services provided by the alternative suppliers. E.g. the for-profit medical organizations can receive greater financing from the consumers and implement better treatment services to
match their needs. However, the non-profit organizations might remain limited-financed or underfinanced to fully satisfy the growing needs of the population. Thus, …
