Application of the Internet of Things: Literature Review
As the internet of things, or IoT, has constantly been growing and developing for the last decade, its application is a significant issue of scientific research. Scientists define the internet of things as the set of physical devices connected to the internet, or, as Swan (2012) puts it, “the general idea of things, especially everyday objects, that are readable, recognizable, locatable, addressable, and controllable via the Internet” (p.217). The concept of IoT was introduced in the late 1980s in the United States as the first device connected to the internet was presented in 1989 (Kobie, 2015). For the last several decades, the internet of things has rapidly gained popularity, and its application in numerous fields of both public and personal life has widely increased.
While the problem of IoT is relatively new and scientific literature does not contain numerous comprehensive studies, the body of literature is rapidly developing. The aim of this paper is to conduct the literature review on the application of the internet of things, particularly the fields in which IoT is used most, and the challenges the internet of things faces in its development. As smart cities and health care are most widely addressed in scientific research, the review of the literature shows the importance of these fields for the development of the internet of things in particular and the technology in general.
Fields of Application
The question of application of the internet of things has been widely studied in the literature. Researchers have paid significant attention to its classification. In general, IoT usage is divided into public, which involves industrial application, and private, i.e. “living services,” such as health care and enhancing private security (Wilson, Shah, & Whipple, 2015). Miorandi, Sicari, De Pellegrini, and Chlamtac (2012) provide the more wide classification of IoT, which consists six fields: smart homes, smart cities, environmental monitoring, health care, smart business, security, and surveillance. Some authors add energy management, consumer application, and transportation to the list as well.
Public Usage: Smart Cities
Among the category of public application, smart city is one of the most studied areas of IoT usage because of the popularity of smart cities the last decade has seen. Smart city is defined as “cyberphysical eco-system” (Miorandi, Sicari, De Pellegrini, and Chlamtac, 2012) which implements numerous the internet of things approaches in order to resolve the problems big cities face and enhance management of city facilities. Numerous researchers emphasize the significance of IoT approaches for resolving transportation problems. The book by Holler et al. (2014), which is devoted to the machine learning and the internet of things and features one of the most comprehensive research studies on smart cities, concentrates on the opportunities of IoT for city logistics, which include traffic administration, parking spaces management, and fighting pollution. Miorandi, Sicari, De Pellegrini, and Chlamtac (2012) represent the similar view on the issue highlighting the vast perspective of the internet of things applications in managing transportation problems.
Miorandi, Sicari, De Pellegrini, and Chlamtac (2012) focus …
