The Native People of Australia
Introduction
Globally, the inclusion of local people and their interest in the control of worldwide ecosystems have been championed and encouraged by environmental directives. Response to the same has emerged from different countries such as Australia, United States of America and the United Kingdom championing for the introduction of policies and programs to improve Indigenous involvement. Such participation has been a challenge since engaging both indigenous and non-indigenous options and management policies favorable. However ownership, legislation, distribution, effectiveness and management approaches are explained below. In Australia, managing a private land has been crucial objective for an extended period. Mechanisms to protect land ownership have also been developed to improve conservation covenants and protect natural resources available on a private land.
A conservation covenant involves a binding agreement made between a landowner and a legal body to assist in protecting and managing the environment on their premise. However, the covenant id voluntarily entered when the terms reached are agreed. Nevertheless, there are different types of conservation covenants inclined with supporting programs in Australia. These covenants possess different characteristics according to the jurisdiction and legislation governing them. Being statutory mechanisms, these agreements are developed according to the specific laws. However, these programs possess different origins dating back to 1970(Fitzsimons: 2015:46). The Australian National Reserve System is a body trusted in managing the public, indigenous and private lands. Besides, it is also embodied to protect water bodies both inland and over land. National Reserve System has a role over Indigenous groups, private landholders and non-government organizations, local communities and indigenous people. This body is involved with establishing and managing selected areas to ascertain its success. However, the Australian government has for a long time taken the responsibility of heightening the private land trust sector in Australia.
Through this provision where two-thirds of buying price are meant for land acquisition, National Reserve System program has witnessed more ownership of land each day (Schuster Arcese: 2015:78). However, conservation covenants include a majority of personal, private and protected areas in Australia, and more so properties covenanted. These areas are provided for people to live in or possess the property. But in most cases, these properties are in possession of people with contracts over them. Also, covenants only dictate a particular part of land stated in the covenant document. In this form, information about what will be applied and what will not be permitted is stated. Activities that would lower the importance such lands will also be prohibited through the covenant. Access to these covenants are private and confidential and not meant for commercial activities (Tucker: 2015: 69).
There is also a range of taxes charged for land conservation in Australia that include the registration of private lands. However, this incentive is not the same in the whole country and also in the states. When a Non-governmental Organization buys a land, a notable financial incentive to set up, the government will avail new private protected areas …
